Yuav Ua Li Cas Aluminium Foil Ua

Cov khoom siv raw

Aluminium tooj qee qhov ntau tshaj plaws cov ntsiab lus: tom qab oxygen thiab silicon, nws yog qhov nthuav dav tshaj plaws txiav txim siab hauv lub ntiaj teb hauv pem teb, ua rau ntau tshaj li yim feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov crust mus rau ib qho kev siv ntawm kaum mais thiab tshwm nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw pob zeb.

Txawm li cas los xij, txhuas tsis tshwm sim hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, hlau tab sis hloov pauv raws li hydrated aluminium oxide (ib qho sib xyaw ntawm dej thiab alumina) ua ke nrog silica, hlau oxide, thiab titania.Qhov loj tshaj plaws txhuas ore yog bauxite, muaj npe tom qab Fabkis lub nroog ntawm Les Baux nyob rau hauv uas nws tau hloov mus rau hauv kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv 1821. Bauxite nqa hlau thiab hydrated txhuas oxide, nrog rau tom kawg sawv cev rau nws loj tshaj plaws constituent ntaub.

Tam sim no, bauxite muaj ntau txaus kom qhov zoo tshaj plaws deposits nrog ib tug txhuas oxide cov ntsiab lus ntawm plaub caug-tsib feem pua ​​los yog ntau tshaj yog mined los ua txhuas.Concentrated deposits raug pom nyob rau hauv txhua sab qaum teb thiab yav qab teb hemispheres, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov ore siv nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States los ntawm lub West Indies, North America, thiab Australia.

Txij li thaum bauxite tshwm sim nyob ze ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto, txoj kev tsuas yog yooj yim heev.Cov khoom tawg yog siv los qhib qhov loj hauv cov txaj bauxite, tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem ntawm cov av thiab pob zeb tau tshem tawm.Tom qab ntawd cov ore raug tshem tawm nrog rau pem hauv ntej cease loaders, piled nyob rau hauv vans los yog railway tsheb, thiab thauj mus rau kev cog qoob loo.Bauxite hnyav (feem ntau, ib tuj ntawm txhuas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm 4 mus rau 6 tons ntawm cov ore), yog li, txhawm rau txo tus nqi ntawm kev thauj nws, cov paj no tsis tu ncua nyob ze li sai tau rau cov mines bauxite.

Txheej txheem tsim khoom

Extracting ntuj txhuas los ntawm bauxite muaj cov txheej txheem.Ua ntej, cov ore yog refined kom tshem tawm impurities xws li hlau oxide, silica, titania, thiab dej.Tom qab ntawd, qhov tshwm sim ntawm aluminium oxide yog smelted los muab cov khoom txhuas.Tom qab ntawd, aluminium yog dov los muab cov ntawv ci.

Refining-Bayer txheej txheem

1.Cov txheej txheem Bayer siv los kho cov bauxite muaj 4 kauj ruam: kev zom zaub mov, rationalization, nag lossis daus, thiab calcination.Thaum lub sij hawm kev zom zaub mov, cov bauxite yog hauv pem teb thiab tov nrog sodium hydroxide ua ntej yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub tank loj, siab.Nyob rau hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam, hu ua digesters, kev sib xyaw ntawm sodium hydroxide, sov so, thiab siab ua rau cov ore nyob rau hauv ib tug saturated teb ntawm sodium aluminate thiab insoluble cov kab mob, uas nyob rau hauv qab.
2.Theem tom ntej ntawm cov txheej txheem, rationalization, entails xa cov kev daws teeb meem thiab cov kab mob los ntawm ib tug tsau ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam thiab presses.Thaum lub sijhawm kawm ntawv no, cov ntaub lim dej ntxiab cov khoom paug, uas tuaj yeem muab pov tseg.Tom qab tau lim ib zaug ntxiv, qhov kawg daws yog thauj mus rau ib lub tsev txias.
3.Nyob rau qib tom ntej, nag lossis daus, cov tshuaj txhuas oxide ua rau hauv cov silo loj, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev hloov ntawm Deville cov txheej txheem, cov kua yog seeded nrog crystals ntawm hydrated txhuas los txhawb kev tsim ntawm txhuas khib nyiab.Raws li cov noob muaju ntxias lwm cov muaju hauv cov tshuaj, cov pob loj loj ntawm txhuas hydrate pib tsim.Cov no yog thawj lim tawm tom qab uas rinsed.
4.Calcination, cov kauj ruam kawg hauv Bayer refinement system, muaj xws li exposing aluminium hydrate kom kub dhau.Qhov sov sov no ua rau lub cev qhuav dej, tawm hauv qhov seem ntawm cov hmoov dawb zoo heev: aluminium oxide.

Smelting

1.Smelting, uas cais cov aluminium-oxygen compound (alumina) ua nrog kev pab ntawm Bayer txoj kev, yog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no hauv extracting ntuj, steel aluminium los ntawm bauxite.Txawm hais tias tam sim no cov txheej txheem siv tau los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tau tsim los ntawm Charles Hall thiab Paul-Louis-Toussaint Héroult hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, nws tau hloov kho tshiab.Ua ntej, lub alumina yog yaj nyob rau hauv ib tug smelting mobile, ib tug sib sib zog nqus hlau mildew lined nrog carbon thiab tag nrho ntawm ib tug rhuab kua conductor uas yog tsim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txhuas compound cryolite.

2.Tom ntej no, ib qho hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tam sim no khiav dhau ntawm lub cryolite, ua rau lub pob zeb ua rau saum lub pinnacle ntawm alumina yaj.Thaum ntxiv alumina yog ib ntus nplawm rau hauv qhov sib tov, cov crust no tawg thiab nplawm hauv zoo li zoo.Raws li cov alumina dissolves, nws electrolytically decomposes los tsim ib txheej ntawm ntshiab, molten txhuas nyob rau hauv qis tshaj ntawm smelting cellular.Cov pa oxygen sib koom ua ke nrog cov pa roj carbon siv los ua kab ntawm cov cellular thiab khiav tawm hauv cov duab ntawm carbon dioxide.

3.Tseem nyob rau hauv molten zoo, lub purified aluminium yog kos los ntawm cov smelting hlwb, pauv mus rau hauv crucibles, thiab emptied rau hauv cub tawg.Nyob rau ntawm qhov kev kawm no, lwm yam tuaj yeem qhia tau los muab cov aluminium alloys nrog cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog rau cov khoom lag luam, txawm hais tias cov ntawv ci feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cuaj caum cuaj.8 lossis cuaj caum cuaj.9 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov ntshiab txhuas.Cov kua yog tom qab ntawd nchuav rau hauv cov khoom siv ncaj qha rov qab los ua cov khoom siv, uas nws txias rau hauv cov pob zeb loj hu ua "ingots" lossis "reroll inventory."Tom qab annealed - tshav kub dealt nrog rau txhim khu kev ua hauj lwm - lub ingots yog haum rau dov rau hauv ntawv ci.

Lwm txoj hauv kev rau melting thiab casting aluminium yog hu ua "non-stop casting."Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog cov kab ntau lawm uas suav nrog lub qhov cub tawg, lub qhov cub ua kom muaj cov hlau molten, lub tshuab hloov, lub tshuab casting, ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke xws li pinch rolls, shear and bridle, thiab rewind and coil car.Ob txoj kev tsim cov khoom muag ntawm cov thicknesses pib los ntawm 0.Ib puas nees nkaum tsib mus rau xoom.250 nti (0.317 txog 0.635 centimeter) thiab ntawm ntau qhov dav.Qhov nce ntawm txoj kev nruam nruam yog tias nws tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem annealing yav dhau los rau cov ntawv ci dov, zoo li lub melting thiab casting yam, vim hais tias annealing yog ib txwm nqa tawm thoob plaws hauv lub casting system.

Rolling ntawv

Tom qab cov ntawv ci tau tsim, nws yuav tsum tau txo qis hauv thickness kom ua cov ntawv ci.Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug dov zeb, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub yog surpassed ntau zaus los ntawm metallic rolls hu ua hauj lwm rolls.Raws li cov nplooj ntawv (lossis webs) ntawm txhuas hla dhau los ntawm cov yob, lawv tau nyem thinner thiab extruded los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov yob.Cov yob ua haujlwm yog ua ke nrog cov yob hnyav dua li hu ua thaub qab yob, uas siv kev ntxhov siab los pab ua kom ruaj khov ntawm cov duab yob.Qhov no enables khaws cov khoom qhov ntev nyob rau hauv tolerances.Cov paintings thiab cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab tig nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia tsis sib xws.Lubricants tau ntxiv los pab txhawb txoj kev dov.Thaum lub sij hawm dov qhov system no, cov txhuas qee zaus yuav tsum tau annealed (sov-kho) kom nws ua haujlwm tau.

Qhov luv nqi ntawm cov ntawv ci yog tswj los ntawm kev pab kho qhov rpm ntawm cov yob thiab cov viscosity (qhov tsis kam mus rau glide), kom muaj nuj nqis, thiab kub ntawm cov roj nplaum.Qhov sib txawv yob txiav txim siab ob qho tib si thickness thiab lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntawv ci tawm hauv lub zeb.Qhov sib txawv no tuaj yeem hloov kho nrog kev pab txhawb nqa lossis txo qis dua cov duab kos duab yob.Rolling ua ob lub ntuj tiav ntawm cov ntawv ci, vivid thiab matte.Lub vivid kawg yog tsim thaum cov ntawv ci los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov paintings yob nto.Txhawm rau tsim cov matte kawg, ob daim ntawv yuav tsum tau ntim ua ke thiab dov ib txhij;whilst uas tau ua tiav, cov npoo uas kov txhua qhov sib txawv tuaj nrog matte tiav.Lwm cov txheej txheem kev kho tshuab tiav, ib txwm ua thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv, tuaj yeem siv los muab cov qauv zoo.

Raws li cov ntawv ci los ntawm cov chais, lawv tau txiav thiab txiav nrog lub voj voog lossis rab chais zoo li riam ntsia ntawm lub tshuab yob.Trimming hais txog cov rims ntawm cov ntawv ci, txawm tias slitting entails txiav cov ntawv ci rau hauv ob peb nplooj ntawv.Cov kauj ruam no yog siv los muab slim coiled widths, luas cov npoo ntawm coated los yog laminated cov khoom muag, thiab muab cov square seem.Kom paub meej fabricating thiab hloov kev khiav hauj lwm, webs uas tau tawg tag nrho los ntawm dov yuav tsum tau muab rov qab ua ke, los yog spliced.Feem ntau hom splices rau kev ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm webs ntawm cov ntawv ci yooj yim thiab / lossis cov ntawv nyiaj pab muaj xws li ultrasonic, tshav kub-sealing daim kab xev, kev ntxhov siab-sealing daim kab xev, thiab hluav taws xob welded.Lub ultrasonic splice ua rau kev siv lub xeev ruaj khov-ua nrog ultrasonic transducer-hauv cov hlau sib tshooj.

Kev ua tiav

Rau ntau pob ntawv, ntawv ci yog siv hauv IV / ua ke nrog cov khoom sib txawv.Nws tuaj yeem npog nrog ntau yam khoom, uas suav nrog cov polymers thiab cov resins, rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj, tiv thaiv, lossis sov so-sealing functions.Nws tuaj yeem laminated rau cov ntawv, cov ntawv ntawv, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab yas.Nws tseem tuaj yeem raug txiav, tsim rau hauv txhua daim ntawv, luam tawm, embossed, txiav rau hauv ib daim hlab, ntawv, etched, thiab anodized.Thaum cov ntawv ci nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws kawg, nws tau ntim raws li thiab xa mus rau tus neeg siv khoom.

Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo

Ntxiv nrog rau kev tswj hwm hauv cov txheej txheem xws li qhov ntsuas kub thiab lub sijhawm, cov khoom tiav tiav yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau zoo.Piv txwv li, ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov pauv thiab txiav tawm ua rau siv tau pom tias yuav tsum muaj ntau yam kev ziab ntawm cov ntawv ci hauv pem teb kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.Lub wettability saib ntawm yog siv los txiav txim qhov dryness.Hauv qhov kev sim no, kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb ntawm ethyl cawv hauv cov dej distilled, hauv kev nce ntawm kaum feem pua ​​​​ntawm kev pab ntawm kom muaj nuj nqis, yog nchuav rau hauv ib qho kev txav mus rau hauv cov ntawv ci.Yog tias tsis muaj tee daim ntawv, lub wettability yog 0. Cov txheej txheem yog sustained kom txog thaum nws txiav txim siab npaum li cas feem pua ​​ntawm cov dej cawv yuav kiag li ntub cov ntawv ci hauv pem teb.

Lwm cov khoom tseem ceeb yog thickness thiab tensile lub zog.Cov txheej txheem kuaj xyuas tau ua tiav nrog kev pab los ntawm American Society For Testing and Materials (ASTM).Thickness yog txiav txim los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm qhov hnyav ib tus qauv thiab ntsuas nws qhov chaw, tom qab ntawd faib qhov hnyav los ntawm qhov ua los ntawm qhov chaw, piv txwv li alloy ntom.Kev ntsuas nruj ntawm cov ntawv ci yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj xyuas vim tias saib xyuas qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov npoo tawv thiab muaj qhov tsis xws luag me me, nrog rau lwm yam kev hloov pauv.Tus qauv yog positioned nyob rau hauv ib tug tuav thiab ib tug tensile los yog rub lub siab yog siv kom txog thaum tawg ntawm tus qauv tshwm sim.Lub siab lossis hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua kom tawg tus qauv yog ntsuas.